In a life policy the beneficiary is the person paid on death. Getting this right avoids the estate route, which can delay and complicate payment.
Why it matters
Without a valid designation, the proceeds fall into the estate and follow succession law, which can delay and complicate payment to the people you intended.
How to designate
The policyholder names the beneficiary in writing. Where the policyholder is not the insured, the insured's consent is required. Name a person, not just 'my family'.
Multiple and contingent beneficiaries
You can split the sum and name a contingent beneficiary who receives it if the primary is not alive. This avoids the estate route.
Changing a beneficiary
The policyholder can usually change the designation while alive, subject to the contract's procedure. Tell the insurer in writing; a change made only in a will may not bind the policy.
Cross-border practicalities
A beneficiary in another country raises payment and tax questions. The insurer will need their details and may report the payout; confirm the route before you rely on it.